The short answer, no! You can send anyone a public link that allows them to view, upload, and download assets all without an account (and at no cost to you!) We see a ton of teams use this for content collection and distribution. For example, a team needs to collect all of the photos and videos from a shoot from multiple photographers. Shoot them a link with only upload permissions, and they can upload directly into the Air board you shared! No more drive links, wetransfers, or box accounts are needed!
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For Assets:

You can create share links that make the assets accessible without an account. You can control permissions to prevent a user from taking unnecessary actions.

For Boards:

You can also share entire boards for public viewing, where you can control what permissions the link/email gives its recipient.